Tag: Vol.1 No.2 (2018)

Citation Rules Vol. 1-6

December 28, 2023 /
1. A Monograph with one author
Footnote Reference:
KELLNER, D.: Media Spectacle. New York, London : Routledge, 2003, p. 15.

Reference in Bibliography:
KELLNER, D.: Media Spectacle. New York, London : Routledge, 2003.

2. A Monograph wit more than one author
Footnote Reference:
JIRÁK, J., KÖPPLOVÁ, B.:  Médiá a společnost. Praha : Portál, 2006, p. 100.

Reference in Bibliography:
JIRÁK, J., KÖPPLOVÁ, B.: Médiá a společnost. Praha : Portál, 2006.

3. A Monograph with more than three authors
Footnote Reference:
VOJTEK, J. et al.: Dejiny svetových novinárstiev (anglického a amerického). Trnava : Fakulta masmediálnej komunikácie, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2010, p. 55.

Reference in Bibliography:
VOJTEK, J. et al.: Dejiny svetových novinárstiev (anglického a amerického). Trnava : Fakulta masmediálnej komunikácie, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2010.

4. A Monograph with no author
Footnote Reference:
Ilustrovaná encyklopédia ľudskej vzdelanosti. Bratislava : Reader´s Digest výber, 2009, p. 80.

Reference in Bibliography:
Ilustrovaná encyklopédia ľudskej vzdelanosti. Bratislava : Reader´s Digest výber, 2009.

5. A Monograph published in various editions
Footnote Reference:
HARTLEY, J.: Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: Key Concepts. 3rd Edition. New York, London : Routledge, p. 180.

Reference in Bibliography:
HARTLEY, J.: Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: Key Concepts. 3rd Edition. New York, London : Routledge, 2002.

6. An Electronic version of a monograph available for download
Footnote Reference:
MANOVICH, L.: The Language of New Media. Boston : MIT Press, 2001. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.manovich.net/LNM/Manovich.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
MANOVICH, L.: The Language of New Media. Boston : MIT Press, 2001. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.manovich.net/LNM/Manovich.pdf>.

7. An article in the print edition of an academic journal or an article downloaded in an electronic version identical with the printed one – accessible via academic citation databases (e.g. PROQUEST, SAGE JOURNALS ONLINE, WILEY-BLACKWELL)
Footnote Reference:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Rozvíja mediálna výchova v školách kritické kompetencie žiakov? In Communication Today, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 74.

Reference in Bibliography:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Rozvíja mediálna výchova v školách kritické kompetencie žiakov? In Communication Today, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 66-83. ISSN 1338-130X.

8. An article in a journal published online
Footnote Reference:
KATUŠČÁKOVÁ, M.: Vybrané aspekty vedeckej spolupráce a spoločného využívania znalostí. Odporúčania pre kolaboratórium v projekte Pamäť Slovenska. In Knižnica, 2013, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 11. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/casopis_kniznica/2012/10.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
KATUŠČÁKOVÁ, M.: Vybrané aspekty vedeckej spolupráce a spoločného využívania znalostí. Odporúčania pre kolaboratórium v projekte Pamäť Slovenska. In Knižnica, 2013, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 10-14. ISSN 1336-0965. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/casopis_kniznica/2012/10.pdf>.

9. An article or a chapter in edited (also conference) proceedings with one editor
Footnote Reference:
LULL, J.: Superculture for the Communication Age. In LULL, J. (ed.): Culture in the Communication Age. London, New York : Routledge, 2001, p. 133.

Reference in Bibliography:
LULL, J.: Superculture for the Communication Age. In LULL, J. (ed.): Culture in the Communication Age. London, New York : Routledge, 2001, p. 132-165.

10. An article or a chapter in edited (also conference) proceedings with more than one editor
Footnote Reference:
ZILLMANN, D.: The Coming of Media Entertainment. In ZILLMANN, D., VORDERER, P. (eds.): Media Entertainment: The Psychology of Its Appeal. Mahwah, London : Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000, p. 6.

Reference in Bibliography:
ZILLMANN, D.: The Coming of Media Entertainment. In ZILLMANN, D., VORDERER, P. (eds.): Media Entertainment: The Psychology of Its Appeal. Mahwah, London : Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000, p. 1-20.

11. An article or a chapter in an electronic version of edited (also conference) proceedings with one editor
Footnote Reference:
SURNAME, N.: Article name. In SURNAME, N. (ed.): Title of proceedings. Place of edition : Publisher, posting date, page range. [online]. [Date of access, yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <URL/electronic address information>.

Reference in Bibliography:
SURNAME, N.: Article name. In SURNAME, N. (ed.): Title of proceedings. Place of edition : Publisher, year of edition, range of article´s pages. ISBN. [online]. [Date of access, yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <URL/electronic address information>.

12. An article or a chapter in an electronic version of edited (also conference) proceedings with more editors
Footnote Reference:
PAVELKA, J.: Možnosti a limity sémiotické a naratologické analýzy jako nástrojů interpretace. In RUSNÁK, J., BOČÁK, M. (eds.): Médiá a text II. Prešov : Prešovská Univerzita v Prešove, 2008, p. 165. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Bocak1/pdf_doc/pavelka.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
PAVELKA, J.: Možnosti a limity sémiotické a naratologické analýzy jako nástrojů interpretace. In RUSNÁK, J., BOČÁK, M. (eds.): Médiá a text II. Prešov : Prešovská univerzita v Prešove, 2008, p. 156-169. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Bocak1/pdf_doc/pavelka.pdf>.

13. A so far unpublished paper presented at a scientific conference
Footnote Reference:
HVÍŽĎALA, K.: Pasti české, slovenské i světové žurnalistiky: historické a současné. Paper presented at International scientific conference Megatrends and Media 2013 with subtitle Cultivation of Media – Opportunities and Barriers. Smolenice, presented on 27th March 2013.

Reference in Bibliography:
HVÍŽĎALA, K.: Pasti české, slovenské i světové žurnalistiky: historické a současné. Paper presented at International scientific conference Megatrends and Media 2013 with subtitle Cultivation of Media – Opportunities and Barriers. Smolenice, presented on 27th March 2013.

14. An article in the press (newspapers, journals and magazines)
Footnote Reference:
GALAN, P.: Obchodníci s kilami. In Plus 7 dní, 2013, Vol. 23, No. 42, p. 86.

Reference in Bibliography:
GALAN, P.: Obchodníci s kilami. In Plus 7 dní, 2013, Vol. 23, No. 42, p. 86-88. ISSN 1210-4040.

15. An article in an electronic version of the press (online versions of newspapers, journals and magazines)
Footnote Reference:
TOMA, B.: Banky zarobia na mobilných poplatkoch. Released on 3rd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://peniaze.pravda.sk/ucty-a-karty/clanok/294962-banky-zarobia-na-mobilnych-poplatkoch>.

Reference in Bibliography:
TOMA, B.: Banky zarobia na mobilných poplatkoch. Released on 3rd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://peniaze.pravda.sk/ucty-a-karty/clanok/294962-banky-zarobia-na-mobilnych-poplatkoch>.

16. A website or an article published on the internet with no author
Footnote Reference:
Worldwide Grosses. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Worldwide Grosses. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/>.

17. A website or an article published on the internet with author´s name available
Footnote Reference:
KELLNER, D.: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/papers/SAGEcs.htm>.

Reference in Bibliography:
KELLNER, D.: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/papers/SAGEcs.htm>.

18. An official document available on the internet in full version
Footnote Reference:
Zákon o vysielaní a retransmisii č. 308/2000 Z. z. zo 14. septembra 2000. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.rvr.sk/_cms/data/modules/download/1364909855_zakon_308-2000_ucinny_2013-01-01.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Zákon o vysielaní a retransmisii č. 308/2000 Z. z. zo 14. septembra 2000. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.rvr.sk/_cms/data/modules/download/1364909855_zakon_308-2000_ucinny_2013-01-01.pdf>.

19. Weblog
Footnote Reference:
ALBRECHT, M.: Ako si hovorcovia a novinári zavarili. Released on 8th October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://marekalbrecht.blog.sme.sk/c/339283/Ako-si-hovorcovia-a-novinari-zavarili.html>.

Reference in Bibliography:
ALBRECHT, M.: Ako si hovorcovia a novinári zavarili. Released on 8th October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://marekalbrecht.blog.sme.sk/c/339283/Ako-si-hovorcovia-a-novinari-zavarili.html>.

20. A graphic component, a photograph, a table or a graph (available online)
Footnote Reference:
Trhové podiely televízií, počúvanosť rádií, predajnosť tlače a návštevnosť internetových portálov. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://medialne.etrend.sk/televizia-grafy-a-tabulky.html>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Trhové podiely televízií, počúvanosť rádií, predajnosť tlače a návštevnosť internetových portálov. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://medialne.etrend.sk/televizia-grafy-a-tabulky.html>.

21. A graduation thesis – dissertation, habilitation, etc.
Footnote Reference:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Mediálna výchova v procese edukácie na Slovensku so zameraním na rozvoj kompetencie kritického myslenia. [Dissertation Thesis]. Nitra : Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2010, p. 40.

Reference in Bibliography:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Mediálna výchova v procese edukácie na Slovensku so zameraním na rozvoj kompetencie kritického myslenia. [Dissertation Thesis]. Nitra : Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2010. 142 p.

22. An electronic version of a graduation thesis available on the internet
Footnote Reference:
GREČKOVÁ, M.: Premeny mediálneho obrazu českých olympijských športovcov. [Master´s Thesis]. Brno : Fakulta sociálních studií Masarykovy univerzity v Brně, 2013, p. 60. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://is.muni.cz/th/397299/fss_m/Greckova_D_P.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
GREČKOVÁ, M.: Premeny mediálneho obrazu českých olympijských športovcov. [Master´s Thesis]. Brno : Fakulta sociální studií Masarykovy univerzity, 2013. 102 p. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at <http://is.muni.cz/th/397299/fss_m/Greckova_D_P.pdf>.

23. An accompanying material to lectures, academic courses or other teaching activities (its electronic versions included)
Footnote Reference:
PLENCNER, A.: Populárna kultúra – definície a základné znaky. Politická koncepcia populárnej kultúry Johna Fiskeho. [Electronic Document]. Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského, 2007, p. 4.

Reference in Bibliography:
PLENCNER, A.: Populárna kultúra – definície a základné znaky. Politická koncepcia populárnej kultúry Johna Fiskeho. [Electronic Document]. Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského, 2007. 12 p.

24. Multimedia formats available on the internet (audio, video)
Footnote Reference:
Oprah Interviews J. K. Rowling (Full Video) HD. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxh2sgg_iyA>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Oprah Interviews J. K. Rowling (Full Video) HD. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxh2sgg_iyA>.

25. An audio or video podcast
Footnote Reference:
BEDNÁROVÁ, L. (ed.): Hudba sveta_FM. Broadcast on 2nd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://213.215.116.181:8001/fm/2013-09-23/414-Hudbasveta_FM-20-00.mp3>.

Reference in Bibliography:
BEDNÁROVÁ, L. (ed.): Hudba sveta_FM. Broadcast on 2nd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://213.215.116.181:8001/fm/2013-09-23/414-Hudbasveta_FM-20-00.mp3>.

26. A television or radio programme
Footnote Reference:
KREJČA, H. (Director of the Centre of News and Current Affairs): Televízne noviny. [The Main Evening Newscasting Programme of TV Markíza]. Broadcast on 28th September 2013. Bratislava : Televízia Markíza, 2013.

Reference in Bibliography:
KREJČA, H. (Director of the Centre of News and Current Affairs): Televízne noviny. [The Main Evening Newscasting Programme of TV Markíza]. Broadcast on 28th September 2013. Bratislava : Televízia Markíza, 2013.

27. A track on CD
Footnote Reference:
ADELE: Someone Like You. Track No. 11 on the Studio Album 21 by Adele. [CD]. New York : Columbia Records, 2011.

Reference in Bibliography:
ADELE: Someone Like You. Track No. 11 on the Studio Album 21 by Adele. [CD]. New York : Columbia Records, 2011.

28. A media content on DVD
Footnote Reference:
KERSHNER, I. (Director): Star Wars Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (1980 & 2004 Versions, 2-Disc Widescreen Edition). [DVD]. Los Angeles : Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2006.

Reference in Bibliography:
KERSHNER, I. (Director): Star Wars Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (1980 & 2004 Versions, 2-Disc Widescreen Edition). [DVD]. Los Angeles : Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2006.

29. An original production of VOD streaming services
Footnote Reference:
BIER, S. (Directed by): Bird Box. [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2018.

Reference in Bibliography:
BIER, S. (Directed by): Bird Box. [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2018.

30. An original production of VOD streaming services (television series)
Footnote Reference:
HWANG, D.-H. (Created by): Squid Game (series). [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2021.

Reference in Bibliography:
HWANG, D.-H. (Created by): Squid Game (series). [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2021.

31. Specific version of digital game (if necessary to state)
Footnote Reference:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom (Xbox version). [digital game]. Santa Monica : Activision, 2005.

Reference in Bibliography:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom (Xbox version). [digital game]. Santa Monica : Activision, 2005.

32. Digital games published within website with developer´s name available
Footnote Reference:
Y8.COM: Dead Void. [digital game]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.superhry.cz/hra/11321-dead-void>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Y8.COM: Dead Void. [digital game]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.superhry.cz/hra/11321-dead-void>.

33. Digital game released on physical medium, including massive multiplayer online games1

Footnote Reference:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom. [digital game]. New York : GT Interactive, 1993.

Reference in Bibliography:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom. [digital game]. New York : GT Interactive, 1993.

1 A term digital game is used as the common name for all kinds of games – arcades, video games, computer games, mobile and handheld games, VR games, AR game, MMO games, etc.

Digital Games as a Cultural Phenomenon: A Brief History and Current State

December 15, 2018 /

ABSTRACT: Digital games are one of the biggest cultural phenomenon of our time. From the first primitive devices, throught milestones of age, which inherited cultural status, to the newest technology – every part has its own meaning and proves that humans are playful creatures. But in digital games lies much greater potential, which can be used outside of the gaming industry, because games have an irredeemable place in the majority of the population. In current times we can even talk about gaming society and the author of this overview study sees his goal to process the historical development of digital games, analyse its current state and therefore this study could serve as the theoretical framework for further exploration, such as the future development of this area.

KEY WORDS: arcade games, digital games, game industry, history, portable consoles.

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Binaural and Ambisonic Sound as the Future Standard of Digital Games

December 15, 2018 /

ABSTRACT: The author of this study suggests an idea that the auditive element of digital games is soon going to be one of the most important factors influencing their overall success, popularity, and originality. He analyses the phenomenon of binaural and ambisonic sound, its evolution and uses in the context of modern audio-visual work, primarily focusing on games. The auditive component and its increasingly important role areanalyzed in connection with the graphic design of games, virtual reality, as well as the popularity of specific games. This paper also focuses on audio-games, the use of binaural sound (which was first used on a large scale in Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice) and various hybrid digital games, which are balancing between classic games and audio-games. Argumentation is based on an assumption that binaural sound is the way to ambisonic sound, which (within the context of the immersive and interactive character of digital games) predestines the new standard and shows an entirely new way of creating and using digital games at the same time. All of this is reflected in the context of the graphic design of digital games and their future.

KEY WORDS: ambisonic sound, binaural sound, difficulty, digital games, film, graphics, sound.

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The Concept of Timelessness Applied to Advergames

December 15, 2018 /

ABSTRACT: Advergames have been appearing alongside digital games since the very beginning. Although they had been originally created as marketing tools, their gaming nature has made from them an important part of digital-gaming industry heritage. At the same time, advergames, which persisted over time, may represent significant advantages for the brands they promote. The aim of the study is an examination of advergames’ timelessness based on a theoretical framework and a qualitative-quantitative content analysis of advergames released across their history up to 2000, taking into account aspects of both digital games’ and advertising timelessness. Besides general popularity, archetypal character, current playability and preservation, the analysis also focuses on the advergame design and brand implementation forms.

KEY WORDS: advergames, digital games, iconicity, history, participation, preservation, timelessness.

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Portraying Historical Landmarks and Events in the Digital Game Series Assassin’s Creed

December 15, 2018 /

ABSTRACT: Most young people living in the world of today do not express much interest in history and historical landmarks. It is therefore quite surprising that specific digital games portraying various historical periods or their alternative, partly fictitious versions might at least raise their players’ awareness of real historical facts and sites. Some of these games have been able to achieve global popularity. The author uses the digital game series Assassin’s Creed (2007 – present day) as an example of a digital gaming environment which features historical fiction merged with real historical events and figures. The aim of the study is to better understand the ways Assassin’s Creed portrays historical landmarks all over the world and bring them closer to the players. The basic assumption is that at least some of the players, here seen as potential “gamers-tourists”, may be interested in finding out more about the depicted historical sites and their true counterparts. Given the aforementioned assumption, our ambition is to discuss the digital game series Assassin’s Creed and its tendency to offer visually attractive virtual re-creations of real historical sites, reflecting on the series’ presumed ability to depict historical landmarks, figures and events in mostly fictitious, but still interesting and eye-catching ways.

KEY WORDS: Assassin’s Creed series, gamer-tourist, gaming environments, historical accuracy of digital games, historical landmarks, hyper-realistic game renditions.

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