Tag: Vol.3 No.1 (2020)

Citation Rules Vol. 1-6

December 28, 2023 /
1. A Monograph with one author
Footnote Reference:
KELLNER, D.: Media Spectacle. New York, London : Routledge, 2003, p. 15.

Reference in Bibliography:
KELLNER, D.: Media Spectacle. New York, London : Routledge, 2003.

2. A Monograph wit more than one author
Footnote Reference:
JIRÁK, J., KÖPPLOVÁ, B.:  Médiá a společnost. Praha : Portál, 2006, p. 100.

Reference in Bibliography:
JIRÁK, J., KÖPPLOVÁ, B.: Médiá a společnost. Praha : Portál, 2006.

3. A Monograph with more than three authors
Footnote Reference:
VOJTEK, J. et al.: Dejiny svetových novinárstiev (anglického a amerického). Trnava : Fakulta masmediálnej komunikácie, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2010, p. 55.

Reference in Bibliography:
VOJTEK, J. et al.: Dejiny svetových novinárstiev (anglického a amerického). Trnava : Fakulta masmediálnej komunikácie, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2010.

4. A Monograph with no author
Footnote Reference:
Ilustrovaná encyklopédia ľudskej vzdelanosti. Bratislava : Reader´s Digest výber, 2009, p. 80.

Reference in Bibliography:
Ilustrovaná encyklopédia ľudskej vzdelanosti. Bratislava : Reader´s Digest výber, 2009.

5. A Monograph published in various editions
Footnote Reference:
HARTLEY, J.: Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: Key Concepts. 3rd Edition. New York, London : Routledge, p. 180.

Reference in Bibliography:
HARTLEY, J.: Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: Key Concepts. 3rd Edition. New York, London : Routledge, 2002.

6. An Electronic version of a monograph available for download
Footnote Reference:
MANOVICH, L.: The Language of New Media. Boston : MIT Press, 2001. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.manovich.net/LNM/Manovich.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
MANOVICH, L.: The Language of New Media. Boston : MIT Press, 2001. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.manovich.net/LNM/Manovich.pdf>.

7. An article in the print edition of an academic journal or an article downloaded in an electronic version identical with the printed one – accessible via academic citation databases (e.g. PROQUEST, SAGE JOURNALS ONLINE, WILEY-BLACKWELL)
Footnote Reference:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Rozvíja mediálna výchova v školách kritické kompetencie žiakov? In Communication Today, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 74.

Reference in Bibliography:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Rozvíja mediálna výchova v školách kritické kompetencie žiakov? In Communication Today, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 66-83. ISSN 1338-130X.

8. An article in a journal published online
Footnote Reference:
KATUŠČÁKOVÁ, M.: Vybrané aspekty vedeckej spolupráce a spoločného využívania znalostí. Odporúčania pre kolaboratórium v projekte Pamäť Slovenska. In Knižnica, 2013, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 11. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/casopis_kniznica/2012/10.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
KATUŠČÁKOVÁ, M.: Vybrané aspekty vedeckej spolupráce a spoločného využívania znalostí. Odporúčania pre kolaboratórium v projekte Pamäť Slovenska. In Knižnica, 2013, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 10-14. ISSN 1336-0965. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/casopis_kniznica/2012/10.pdf>.

9. An article or a chapter in edited (also conference) proceedings with one editor
Footnote Reference:
LULL, J.: Superculture for the Communication Age. In LULL, J. (ed.): Culture in the Communication Age. London, New York : Routledge, 2001, p. 133.

Reference in Bibliography:
LULL, J.: Superculture for the Communication Age. In LULL, J. (ed.): Culture in the Communication Age. London, New York : Routledge, 2001, p. 132-165.

10. An article or a chapter in edited (also conference) proceedings with more than one editor
Footnote Reference:
ZILLMANN, D.: The Coming of Media Entertainment. In ZILLMANN, D., VORDERER, P. (eds.): Media Entertainment: The Psychology of Its Appeal. Mahwah, London : Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000, p. 6.

Reference in Bibliography:
ZILLMANN, D.: The Coming of Media Entertainment. In ZILLMANN, D., VORDERER, P. (eds.): Media Entertainment: The Psychology of Its Appeal. Mahwah, London : Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000, p. 1-20.

11. An article or a chapter in an electronic version of edited (also conference) proceedings with one editor
Footnote Reference:
SURNAME, N.: Article name. In SURNAME, N. (ed.): Title of proceedings. Place of edition : Publisher, posting date, page range. [online]. [Date of access, yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <URL/electronic address information>.

Reference in Bibliography:
SURNAME, N.: Article name. In SURNAME, N. (ed.): Title of proceedings. Place of edition : Publisher, year of edition, range of article´s pages. ISBN. [online]. [Date of access, yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <URL/electronic address information>.

12. An article or a chapter in an electronic version of edited (also conference) proceedings with more editors
Footnote Reference:
PAVELKA, J.: Možnosti a limity sémiotické a naratologické analýzy jako nástrojů interpretace. In RUSNÁK, J., BOČÁK, M. (eds.): Médiá a text II. Prešov : Prešovská Univerzita v Prešove, 2008, p. 165. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Bocak1/pdf_doc/pavelka.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
PAVELKA, J.: Možnosti a limity sémiotické a naratologické analýzy jako nástrojů interpretace. In RUSNÁK, J., BOČÁK, M. (eds.): Médiá a text II. Prešov : Prešovská univerzita v Prešove, 2008, p. 156-169. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Bocak1/pdf_doc/pavelka.pdf>.

13. A so far unpublished paper presented at a scientific conference
Footnote Reference:
HVÍŽĎALA, K.: Pasti české, slovenské i světové žurnalistiky: historické a současné. Paper presented at International scientific conference Megatrends and Media 2013 with subtitle Cultivation of Media – Opportunities and Barriers. Smolenice, presented on 27th March 2013.

Reference in Bibliography:
HVÍŽĎALA, K.: Pasti české, slovenské i světové žurnalistiky: historické a současné. Paper presented at International scientific conference Megatrends and Media 2013 with subtitle Cultivation of Media – Opportunities and Barriers. Smolenice, presented on 27th March 2013.

14. An article in the press (newspapers, journals and magazines)
Footnote Reference:
GALAN, P.: Obchodníci s kilami. In Plus 7 dní, 2013, Vol. 23, No. 42, p. 86.

Reference in Bibliography:
GALAN, P.: Obchodníci s kilami. In Plus 7 dní, 2013, Vol. 23, No. 42, p. 86-88. ISSN 1210-4040.

15. An article in an electronic version of the press (online versions of newspapers, journals and magazines)
Footnote Reference:
TOMA, B.: Banky zarobia na mobilných poplatkoch. Released on 3rd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://peniaze.pravda.sk/ucty-a-karty/clanok/294962-banky-zarobia-na-mobilnych-poplatkoch>.

Reference in Bibliography:
TOMA, B.: Banky zarobia na mobilných poplatkoch. Released on 3rd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://peniaze.pravda.sk/ucty-a-karty/clanok/294962-banky-zarobia-na-mobilnych-poplatkoch>.

16. A website or an article published on the internet with no author
Footnote Reference:
Worldwide Grosses. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Worldwide Grosses. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/>.

17. A website or an article published on the internet with author´s name available
Footnote Reference:
KELLNER, D.: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/papers/SAGEcs.htm>.

Reference in Bibliography:
KELLNER, D.: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/papers/SAGEcs.htm>.

18. An official document available on the internet in full version
Footnote Reference:
Zákon o vysielaní a retransmisii č. 308/2000 Z. z. zo 14. septembra 2000. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.rvr.sk/_cms/data/modules/download/1364909855_zakon_308-2000_ucinny_2013-01-01.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Zákon o vysielaní a retransmisii č. 308/2000 Z. z. zo 14. septembra 2000. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.rvr.sk/_cms/data/modules/download/1364909855_zakon_308-2000_ucinny_2013-01-01.pdf>.

19. Weblog
Footnote Reference:
ALBRECHT, M.: Ako si hovorcovia a novinári zavarili. Released on 8th October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://marekalbrecht.blog.sme.sk/c/339283/Ako-si-hovorcovia-a-novinari-zavarili.html>.

Reference in Bibliography:
ALBRECHT, M.: Ako si hovorcovia a novinári zavarili. Released on 8th October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://marekalbrecht.blog.sme.sk/c/339283/Ako-si-hovorcovia-a-novinari-zavarili.html>.

20. A graphic component, a photograph, a table or a graph (available online)
Footnote Reference:
Trhové podiely televízií, počúvanosť rádií, predajnosť tlače a návštevnosť internetových portálov. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://medialne.etrend.sk/televizia-grafy-a-tabulky.html>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Trhové podiely televízií, počúvanosť rádií, predajnosť tlače a návštevnosť internetových portálov. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://medialne.etrend.sk/televizia-grafy-a-tabulky.html>.

21. A graduation thesis – dissertation, habilitation, etc.
Footnote Reference:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Mediálna výchova v procese edukácie na Slovensku so zameraním na rozvoj kompetencie kritického myslenia. [Dissertation Thesis]. Nitra : Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2010, p. 40.

Reference in Bibliography:
PETRANOVÁ, D.: Mediálna výchova v procese edukácie na Slovensku so zameraním na rozvoj kompetencie kritického myslenia. [Dissertation Thesis]. Nitra : Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2010. 142 p.

22. An electronic version of a graduation thesis available on the internet
Footnote Reference:
GREČKOVÁ, M.: Premeny mediálneho obrazu českých olympijských športovcov. [Master´s Thesis]. Brno : Fakulta sociálních studií Masarykovy univerzity v Brně, 2013, p. 60. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://is.muni.cz/th/397299/fss_m/Greckova_D_P.pdf>.

Reference in Bibliography:
GREČKOVÁ, M.: Premeny mediálneho obrazu českých olympijských športovcov. [Master´s Thesis]. Brno : Fakulta sociální studií Masarykovy univerzity, 2013. 102 p. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at <http://is.muni.cz/th/397299/fss_m/Greckova_D_P.pdf>.

23. An accompanying material to lectures, academic courses or other teaching activities (its electronic versions included)
Footnote Reference:
PLENCNER, A.: Populárna kultúra – definície a základné znaky. Politická koncepcia populárnej kultúry Johna Fiskeho. [Electronic Document]. Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského, 2007, p. 4.

Reference in Bibliography:
PLENCNER, A.: Populárna kultúra – definície a základné znaky. Politická koncepcia populárnej kultúry Johna Fiskeho. [Electronic Document]. Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského, 2007. 12 p.

24. Multimedia formats available on the internet (audio, video)
Footnote Reference:
Oprah Interviews J. K. Rowling (Full Video) HD. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxh2sgg_iyA>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Oprah Interviews J. K. Rowling (Full Video) HD. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxh2sgg_iyA>.

25. An audio or video podcast
Footnote Reference:
BEDNÁROVÁ, L. (ed.): Hudba sveta_FM. Broadcast on 2nd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://213.215.116.181:8001/fm/2013-09-23/414-Hudbasveta_FM-20-00.mp3>.

Reference in Bibliography:
BEDNÁROVÁ, L. (ed.): Hudba sveta_FM. Broadcast on 2nd October 2013. [online]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://213.215.116.181:8001/fm/2013-09-23/414-Hudbasveta_FM-20-00.mp3>.

26. A television or radio programme
Footnote Reference:
KREJČA, H. (Director of the Centre of News and Current Affairs): Televízne noviny. [The Main Evening Newscasting Programme of TV Markíza]. Broadcast on 28th September 2013. Bratislava : Televízia Markíza, 2013.

Reference in Bibliography:
KREJČA, H. (Director of the Centre of News and Current Affairs): Televízne noviny. [The Main Evening Newscasting Programme of TV Markíza]. Broadcast on 28th September 2013. Bratislava : Televízia Markíza, 2013.

27. A track on CD
Footnote Reference:
ADELE: Someone Like You. Track No. 11 on the Studio Album 21 by Adele. [CD]. New York : Columbia Records, 2011.

Reference in Bibliography:
ADELE: Someone Like You. Track No. 11 on the Studio Album 21 by Adele. [CD]. New York : Columbia Records, 2011.

28. A media content on DVD
Footnote Reference:
KERSHNER, I. (Director): Star Wars Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (1980 & 2004 Versions, 2-Disc Widescreen Edition). [DVD]. Los Angeles : Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2006.

Reference in Bibliography:
KERSHNER, I. (Director): Star Wars Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (1980 & 2004 Versions, 2-Disc Widescreen Edition). [DVD]. Los Angeles : Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2006.

29. An original production of VOD streaming services
Footnote Reference:
BIER, S. (Directed by): Bird Box. [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2018.

Reference in Bibliography:
BIER, S. (Directed by): Bird Box. [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2018.

30. An original production of VOD streaming services (television series)
Footnote Reference:
HWANG, D.-H. (Created by): Squid Game (series). [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2021.

Reference in Bibliography:
HWANG, D.-H. (Created by): Squid Game (series). [VOD]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix, 2021.

31. Specific version of digital game (if necessary to state)
Footnote Reference:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom (Xbox version). [digital game]. Santa Monica : Activision, 2005.

Reference in Bibliography:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom (Xbox version). [digital game]. Santa Monica : Activision, 2005.

32. Digital games published within website with developer´s name available
Footnote Reference:
Y8.COM: Dead Void. [digital game]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.superhry.cz/hra/11321-dead-void>.

Reference in Bibliography:
Y8.COM: Dead Void. [digital game]. [yyyy-mm-dd]. Available at: <http://www.superhry.cz/hra/11321-dead-void>.

33. Digital game released on physical medium, including massive multiplayer online games1

Footnote Reference:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom. [digital game]. New York : GT Interactive, 1993.

Reference in Bibliography:
ID SOFTWARE: Doom. [digital game]. New York : GT Interactive, 1993.

1 A term digital game is used as the common name for all kinds of games – arcades, video games, computer games, mobile and handheld games, VR games, AR game, MMO games, etc.

Establishing New Genres in Digital Games: The Auto Battler Case Study

June 25, 2020 /

ABSTRACT: The paper discusses the criteria about how one can establish if a group is a new genre. It distinguishes between two main lines of thinking about genre in general – content and discourse. Both lines have two things to discuss. For content it is similarities and differences in mechanics, and for discourse it is commercial and social purpose of the use of new categories. The case studies then show how this can be applied to the rising auto battler class. There are 7 core mechanics in games that are similar, but every game differs in small details from others. The discourse in the social and commercial sphere has appeared over a short time period, and the adoption of the new genre by the gaming community was therefore fast. The bottom line of the text is that using rigid categories for discussions about digital games cannot focus only on rigid criteria, but also on context.

KEY WORDS: auto battler, core mechanics, digital games, game typologies, genres studies, modding.

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The Development of Ethical Education through Digital Games: The Butterfly Effect Implementation

June 25, 2020 /

ABSTRACT: The demands of educational practice are changing alongside our dynamically changing society. It is, therefore, necessary to purposefully and systematically seek ways to motivate, teach, and develop independent thinking among learners. This theoretical study aims to identify and characterize the essential assumptions and reasons for the implementation of digital games into ethical education classes. The fundamental premise is the thematic variability of game narratives, and a fulfillment of the experience attributes through the interactivity both in terms of the direct interactivity of the learner and the medium and in the subsequent discussion as a part of value reflection. Attention is focused on the process of ethical decision-making, ethical dilemmas, and problems that can be identified in many digital games containing at least a basic narrative structure. Interactive narration includes, besides the story itself, the influence of the participant on the further direction of the storyline, allowing players to see the consequences of their individual decisions within simulated situations. The study explores a game principle – the butterfly effect – in the context of ethical decision-making in particular through the game Detroit: Become Human, as well as demonstrates its usability within ethical education classes.

KEY WORDS: butterfly effect, decision-making, Detroit: Become Human, digital games, dilemmas, ethical education, game-based learning, storytelling.

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‘Is This a Joke?’: The Delivery of Serious Content through Satirical Digital Games

June 25, 2020 /

ABSTRACT: Games that utilize satire have largely been unexplored despite their potential to be used as learning supplements or tools to foster conversations around difficult large-scale topics. To what game genre do these games belong, and what are the uses and benefits for learning from such games? In this exploration study, we examine six popular and culturally relevant digital games (5 directly, 1 indirectly) utilizing satire as part of their narrative and gameplay. The range of games covers topics such as global overpopulation, the use of artificial intelligence for surveillance, and the process of mass capitalist production and the manner of its consumption. Satirical digital games serve both the purposes of serious games and entertainment games, pointing to the problematic connotations of the term serious games. It is suggested that the name satirical games is used to describe digital games created for entertainment with underlying political messages and to make a statement and/or commentary on society. Satirical games have potential as powerful learning tools to help facilitate discussion around difficult topics about society’s functions and practices. Future studies should examine additional digital game titles that rely on satire in their narrative and gameplay and investigate the relationship between satire and its role in the learning goals of the games.

KEY WORDS: digital games, game-based learning, informal learning, satire, serious games.

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Watch a Film, Play a Game – Play a Film, Watch a Game: Notes on the ‘Intermedia-Presence’ of Digital Games in Cinema

June 25, 2020 /

ABSTRACT: The present study does not approach digital games per se and in accordance with the, so to speak, matter-of-course habitus, i. e. within the frame of game studies discourse (regardless of the ludology-narratology debate and probably even continuing tension), but rather in a wider cultural context and that by following essentially their relations to other cultural contents and phenomena, cinema in particular. Hence the intermediality discourse is within the pursued reflection applied as, from the point of view of the author, a fruitful framework. Intermediality can be legitimately approached as such a relation between media which, as Petr Szczepanik puts it, ‘creates indivisible fusions’. If we accept this thesis and utilize it as a starting point, film – connecting image, word and sound – appears to be intermedial apriori. On the basis of this and in connection with digital games (which, by the way, can be in terms of the aforementioned understood as intermedial a priori, too), such cinematic works of art – naturally, pars pro toto – are in the centre of interest here in which the a priori intermedial character of film is in a sense amplified or rather brought to a square (film as ‘intermedium2‘) – in this case and context by evincing ties, implicit and/or explicit, to digital games.

KEY WORDS: digital games, experience, film, intermedia, intermediality.

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